Improvement in oil-presses



`UNITED STATES PATENTI OFFICE(A IM PROVEMENT IN OIL-PRESSES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 48,140, dated June 6, i865.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN MARSHALL, o Bentonville Road, London, civil and mechanican engineer, have invented Improvementsin the Expression of Oil from Oil-Yielding Subi sides ofthe presses.

Now, my invention consists in expressing oil from seed and oil-yielding substances, and at the same time straining or filtering the oil by means of hydraulic or other power made to act upon a ram or piston and exert its pressure upon the seed or other oil-yielding substance contained in a vessel, by preference a cylinder, the seed or substance resting or being pressed against a resisting medium formed by a hollow plug, the face of which carries a perforated block which is furnished at front with layers of wiregauze,kperforated metal, textile or porous fabric, or other suitable straining or filtering material, all as hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

For the purposes of my invention I prefer to use seed which has been simply cracked 7 or bruised, in contradistinction to` the employmentof seed which has been previously crushed by edge runners or otherwise, and in all cases I prefer to use the seed cold, and I dispense with steam or other heat, as I find that when seed has been steamed or heated the steam or other heat liberates certain elements or matters injurious to the oil. By my cold process I express the oil only, consequently obtain it pure or purer than heretofore. l

In the drawings, Figure l is a section of a press intended for hydraulic power, showing all those parts necessary to the comprehension of my invention. Fig. 2 is a view showing the upper end of the press, and Fig. 3 is a facev view of the inner end of the hollow plug. A is a cylinder, constructed to form the head of a hydraulic press.

B is a hollow plug, accurately coned and fitted into the cylinder A.

C is a minutely perforated-block, also accurately coned and fitted into the face of the plug B.

. D are the columns of an ordinary hydraulic press.

F is a conical piece of metal inserted in the conically-chainbered face of the ram E. Upon pressure being applied this pieceF is driven into the face end of the ram,and the thin edge ofthe rain is driven into close metallic contact with the sides of the cylinder A, and this is the form of packingwhi'ch I prefer.`

G is a strainer or filter, composed of one gr more disks or layers of metal gauze perforated" metal, textile or porous fabric, or other suitable straining or filtering material, the layers of which may be all of the same material or of different materials combined and placed alternately or otherwise parallel with the head ofthe perforated block G.

H H is a jacket or casing forming one 'continuous space or two or more spaces round the the cylinder A into which steam or other heating agent may be admitted to-heat the cylinder should any particular substance require heat.'

The inode of operation is as follows, viz: The'ram E is drawn back to the front of the cylinder A, and the seed or substance to be acted upon is inserted therein. The plug B, with the perforated block G and the lter G thereon, are then placed in the farther end of the cylinder A. The projecting lugs ot co a, Fig. 3, on the plug pass through the spaces b b b, Fig. 2, in the end of the cylinder until the conical end of the plug becomes rmly seated in the conical chamber made for its reception in the cylinder A, when by turning the plug onesixth of a turn the projections a a a on the plug B, which are cut with inclined surfaces, lock under the lugs c c c, Fig. 2, on the cylin` der A, which are also cut with inclined surfaces, thereby forcing the conical end of the plug B into intimate contact with the sides of the cylinder A. On the application of the power the ram E proceeds toward the plug B, gradually compressing the seed or other substance contained in the cylinderA and forcing the oil out therefrom through the strainer or filter, the perforated block, and the hollow plug,when by means of a connecting-pipe it is led'into tanks or receivers,'while-the concrete and non-duid matters remain behind in the cylinder. In order to remove the concrete residuary matters, I simply turn the plug B back one-sixth of a turn, whereby the projections a ac are unlocked from the lugs c c c, and I draw out the plug, together with the perforated block and strainer or filter. By continuing the power on the ram E the residnum is forced out at the farther end ot' the cylinder A.

Instead of applying the power to a traversing ram in a fixed cylinder, I sometimes apply it to atraversing cylinder against a fixed ram or piston, in which case, in order to remove the residuum, I unlockthe plug, as before described, and continue the power on the cylinder until the ram forces the residunm out of the cylinder. I sometimes use, instead of a solid ram, as hereinbefore described, a hollow piston, I, Fig. 4, and fit the entering end thereof with the perforated block K, Fig. 4, similar to the perforated block O,Fig. l, and also with a strainer or filter, L, Fig. 4, similar to the strainer or lter G, Fig. l. I make the plug B, Fig. 1, solid instead of hollow, and the block C, Fig. 1, also solid instead of perforated, and then the Huid matters, upon expression, are forced backward through the strainer or lilter L and passage e, Fig. 4, in the piston I, Fig. 4, and out through a connecting-pipeinto tan ks or receiving-vessels, and I remove the concrete residuary matters in the same way as stated in regard to Fig. 1. Again, I sometimes use the hollow plug B, Fig. 1, and strainer or lter G, Fig. 1, conjointly with a hollow piston, I, Fig. 4, and lter L, Fig, 4, whereby the duid matters, when expressed, escape both through the passage d in the plug B, Fig. l, and through Q the passage c, Fig. 4, in the piston I, Fig. 4, leaving the concrete and residuary matters behind in thecylinder, to be afterward Withdrawn, as herenbefore explained.

Having now fully described the nature of -this my said invention and the manner in JOHN MARSHALL.

Witnesses I. C. NEWBURN, B. J oNEs, Both of 166 Fleet Street, London. 

